Kamel Pasha

12.03.2021

— BUSINESS PLAN —

RENOVATION OF "Kamel Pasha Mall" KAMEL PASHA MALL




Business aims

As malls in Turkey gradually reopened their doors to customers as part of the ongoing normalisation process, stores have begun to catch up with their usual revenues. Meanwhile, grocery or supermarket sales, which initially skyrocketed amid the panic-buying during the coronavirus pandemic, have since started to return to normal levels.

By monitoring the Sariyer neighbourhood needs especially after The Corona virus pandemic, we target to provide a very special food centre to fulfil what this area missed. "Kamel Pasha Mall" project will not only give the citizens of Sariyer the opportunity of purchasing food products and groceries, and also enjoying the family entertainment in the coffeeshop and the restaurants.


Business summary

Industry overview:

The shopping mall sector in Turkey, which has started in 1988 through the opening of Galleria, continues to increase by developing and growing each year. The shopping malls that are designed in the periphery of urban areas, both in city centres, as well as in the form of satellite towns, form a serious center of attraction in the regions where they are established. When we take a look at the Shopping Mall sector throughout Turkey, we note that the most developed province in the sector is Istanbul. Taking into consideration the fact that people from all sections of society prefer shopping malls, we note that this situation is no surprise for Istanbul, as a metropolitan area of who population exceeds 16 million.

During the period of development of the pertinent sector, the shopping malls are mostly preferred by the people from the middle income, upper middle income and the upper income groups; whereas today, it is noted that the shopping malls are being preferred by people from every segment of society. The visitor profile of the shopping malls varies, depending on the region where they are located, and the specific nature of the stores that are located in the concerned shopping mall.

When we look at the shopping mall sector in Istanbul, we note that the Bakırköy area, which is one of the oldest settlements and business centres, and Sisli, where most luxurious housing projects are located, are among the areas where most of the shopping malls are established. Currently, the rentable shopping mall area in the district of

Bakirkoy is more than 420.000 sqm. The most effective shopping malls in the formation of this vast area are mainly Marmara Forum, followed by Capacity, Galleria, Atakoy Plus, Aqua Florya and Airport Outlet.

With notice to the history of the building and with full respect to the greatness of the Ottoman Empire as well as the spirit of the amazing architectural arts of that time, we are planing to renovate the building according to the original.

Meanwhile, the shopping mall area in the district of Sariyer, which has more green areas than the other districts thanks to the "Belgrade" Forests, consists of the Istinye Park Shopping Mall, which offers a total rentable area of 87.000 sqm. Though you can find so malls in Istanbul but in Sariyer area we have just Istinye Park.

We do believe that, this part of Istanbul with combination of enchanting Ottoman style with modern advanced technology along with its unique panoramic view of the Bosphorus, will become one of the most attractive destinations for tourists and locals.


 Building summary

"Kamel Pasha Mall" food mall, located in Istanbul Province, Sarıyer District, Çayırbaşı Cd. No:158, Büyükdere, 34453 (Block 6, Block 8 of Document Volume 10, Page 895). The mentioned building is registered in the ownership document in the n a m e o f H a s s a n H u s s e i n P a s h a Foundation, Minister of the Navy. This area of Istanbul is called Büyükdere. The summer houses of embassies, commercial buildings, hotels, public buildings, cafes, restaurants, religious buildings and permanent residences are located in this area.

Project costs 

-Total investment outlay is about One Million USD ($1.000.000,00), including all the renovation costs and putting into operation.

Values

Why we choose this building? Of course there are such a buildings among the city but none of them have some unique features beside architecture like location and area, the infrastructure and possibility to change the use of the building to a shopping mall! Actually there is no similar architecture for a shopping mall in the entire city, the architecture that shows grandeur of the Ottoman Empire.

There are few investors who have courage to invest in history and culture for a shopping mall concept instead of vast shopping and commercial centers which is only for personal and business aims, and we are one of them. Our goal is to preserve history and introduce it to the next generation in the form of an attractive place. Tourists also will know the grandeur of the Ottoman Empire in this fascinating building. With the implementation of this plan, its economic effects on the Sariyer and region will be significant along with the positive cultural effects. A building with unique features, in a great location that can boost the economic prosperity of this region and make it better known to tourists and consumers.

The project architecture style and interior design would be Ottoman. It means that the project is going to revive traditional greatness of Ottoman Empire history. The ambiance and atmosphere of the Kamel Pasha mall is going to be historical and matched with the time which the building belongs to. Good to know that Ottoman architecture is the architecture of the Ottoman Empire, which emerged in Bursa and Adrianople (Edirne) in 13th and 15th centuries.

The architecture of the empire developed from the earlier Seljuk architecture and was influenced by the Byzantine, Iranian as well as Islamic Mamluk architectural traditions after the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottomans. For almost 400 years, the Byzantine architectural artefacts such as the church of Hagia Sophia served as models for many of the Ottoman mosques.


Location and cultural value of Hassan Hossein Pasha mansion


The building is located in Istanbul Province, Sarıyer District, Block 6, Block 8 of Document Volume 10, Page 895. The mentioned building is registered in the ownership document in the name of Hassan Hussein Pasha Foundation, Minister of the Navy. This area of Istanbul is called Büyükdere. The summer houses of embassies, commercial buildings, hotels, public buildings, cafes, restaurants, religious buildings and permanent residences are located in this area.

Ebabil is located right next to Hasan Hüsnü Paşa Mansion. Çayırbaşı Street is located on the narrow side of the building. Adjacent structures can be seen in the adjacent photos of the northern part of the building.

Büyükdere site program

 The 1916 map drawn by Professor Dr. Sinan Janim Bogazici, as well as the photographs of Guillaume Bergen taken in 1850, provide a wealth of information about the building and its surroundings. According to this information, at that time Hassan Pasha's mansion was named as MARDIROS house. In the picture taken in the northern neighbourhood of Cello Robertson. To the south of the Ebabil dead end, there are two three- and four-story mansions, of which no trace is now available. The adjacent building to the south, still used as the Fuat Paşa Hotel, is estimated to have been built in the 1850s. The San Remo Hotel is also located on the south side. The European Hotel was also located here. In general at that time, Büyükdere was very famous for its hotels in a pleasant climate. The Belveue Hotel, the largest hotel in Büyükdere, is also located on the slopes of Büyükdere. The "Office de Sante" building in southern Europe dates back to the 1850s. It was built in 1551 in Çaybarbaşı, the southern entrance to Buyukdrin, which is still intact today. To the left of Çayırbaşı Street, towards the entrance of Büyükdere, is the Church of the Hripsimyants. After passing this church, the Kethuda Mosque can be seen on the right side of Çayırbaşı Street. The historic Hagia Paraskeve Church can also be seen just above Çayırbaşı Street where Hasan Pasha's mansion is located. The building was known as the MARDIROS House in the 1850s and was purchased by the then Minister of the Navy, Admiral Hassan Hussein Pasha. After the purchase, it has been called the house of Hassan Hossein Pasha since the early 1890s. As can be seen in the documents in the Endowment Office, in the period known as the MARDIROS House, this building had a penthouse like the buildings around it, after the purchase of Hassan Hussein Pasha this The building also remains a penthouse. Detailed information about the history of the building and its surroundings and its use in these dates is mentioned again in the report will be provided.



Service

We will work hard to ensure that Kamel Pasha Mall is not just accepted by retailers and people in Sariyer neighbourhood, but also in the whole city of Istanbul.

Our services are listed below;

  • Leasing of commercial spaces in our shopping malls
  • Property management services
  • Consulting, appraisal and listing services for shops in our shopping malls
  • Other related services.

Concept

What kind of services we would like to offer?

We would like to offer Turkish dishes and food products in our stores and restaurants. We choose this services because we want to show the tradition and culture of the country and sariyer area to customers, during most of its history, Sarıyer was a fishing village, with fishing weirs set up in the Bosphorus currents, and hearty fishermen going out in boats daily to harvest the fruits of the sea.

The Bosphorus has lost many of its fish, but seafood is still a specialty here. We will have special area to sell high quality and fresh sea foods all in a well-designed store and also will serve in our restaurants as well. Also in the last few years Turkish dishes has become famous for its meat foot, thanks to some famous chef's like Nusr-et and CZN Burak for making good effect on Turkish cuisine reputation around the world which will be part of our plan. Tea (çay), Turkish coffee (türk kahvesi) and baklava will be part of our plan to serve better the culture and tradition to customers beside some modern food and beverages that covers wide range of customer tastes.

Market research

Area

Conducted market research and negotiations are indicative of the fact that by the end of its opening the Kamel Pasha Mall will be fully occupied according to the tenant occupancy concept.

Currently the anchor tenants are stated, conducting negotiations with us and discussing the main terms of leasing contract. At the same time the other tenants are being selected to occupy the rest of the space of the Kamel Pasha Mall.

Rivals

There are only 2 major rivals in Sariyer area which target several categories but especially food and beverage industry beside local markets like fishermen's market.

The lack of enough concentrate food market and a place to chill and entertain in the Sariyer area (Only in istinye Park) in the south of Sariyer caused our target customer segment a lot of trouble to access a local market which satisfy their needs.

Marketing strategy

For the businesses we will show our best quality in shopping mall design and management in order to persuade some top Brands in Food and beverage industry to open a new branch in Kamel Pasha Mall, For the individuals.



Current Status Analysis of Sarıyer

Saıyer has the characteristic features of irregular development in physical, environmental, economic and social aspects. While urban texture is quire developed in some areas, some areas lack the basic urban infrastructure. Many areas are under disaster risk, with city centre and Bosporus bank at the top of the list.

Most important priority of the city is zoning and housing. Near half of the Sarıyer citizens has the worrisome doubt that they will lose their houses. The planned third Bosphorus Bridge threats green areas which are lungs of Istanbul and the district. As a result of the fast and unplanned urbanisation, basic infrastructure and social facilities are far from meeting the needs of the society. Intense traffic and insufficient parking lots in some neighbourhoods are other problems on the agenda.

The district has its strengths as it has weaknesses. Certain neighbourhoods have an urban fabric in excess of the country average. Due to its past, the district has a rich historical and cultural heritage dating back to different cultures and periods. Fishing and mussel hunting along with Sarıyer pastry and pudding are other brand values of the district. It bears sufficient potential with these characteristics to become an important tourist attraction of Istanbul. 

Operations and logistics

The starting of the Kamel Pasha Mall in Sariyer district of Istanbul.

The project of the Food centre will not only give the citizens of Sariyer the opportunity of purchasing of food products, and also enjoying the family entertainment in the coffeeshop and the restaurants.

Though you can find so malls in Istanbul but in Sariyer area we have just Istinye Park. We think that with notice to the consumer behaviour within this pandemic lots of businesses been destroyed by very bad economic issues but groceries and food industries were in high demanded and stayed safer in compare with another businesses. Thus, we are going to start our small Mall with focus on food industries.

It is good to know that there are many fish, vegetable, supermarkets and restaurants near our project, but they are all very old fashioned. There is virtually no chic food market around.

The business plan examines the variant of project execution - Leasing commercial space of the Kamel Pasha Mall with the aim of profit earning.

Ottoman Style

Today, one finds remnants of Ottoman architecture in certain parts of the former empire's territories. The Classical period of Ottoman architecture is to a large degree a development of the prior approaches as they evolved over the 15th and early 16th centuries and the start of the Classical period is strongly associated with the works of Mimar Sinan. In this period, Ottoman architecture, especially with the works, and under the influence, of Sinan, saw a new unification and harmonisation of the various architectural parts, elements and influences that Ottoman architecture had previously absorbed but which had not yet been harmonised into a collective whole. Taking heavily from the Byzantine tradition, and in particular the influence of the Hagia Sophia, Classical Ottoman architecture was, as before, ultimately a syncretic blend of numerous influences and adaptations for Ottoman needs. In what may be the most emblematic of the structures of this period, the classical mosques designed by Sinan and those after him used a dome-based structure, similar to that of Hagia Sophia, but among other things changed the proportions, opened the interior of the structure and freed it from the colonnades and other structural elements that broke up the inside of Hagia Sophia and other Byzantine churches, and added more light, with greater emphasis on the use of lighting and shadow with a huge volume of windows These developments were themselves both a mixture of influence from Hagia Sophia and similar Byzantine structures, as well as the result of the developments of Ottoman architecture from 1400 on, which, in the words of Godfrey Goodwin, had already "achieved that poetic interplay of shaded and sunlit interiors which pleased Le Corbusier."


Today, one finds remnants of Ottoman architecture in certain parts of the former empire's territories under decay.


The description of the Kamel Pasha Mall

The Kamel Pasha Mall will be operated at one of the busiest locations of Sariyer Street in the Istanbul District. It will become the new dominating symbol among the surrounding buildings, representing an Ottoman architectural element with modern stores that has no parallels in the city.

The Kamel Pasha Mall will be perfectly visible on each side; there are many transport and transitional routes in the area of designed project. It is connected not only with the large quantity of nearby enterprises, institutions, small shops and residential areas, but also with urban public transport routes (Autobus, Metro, Taxi and Ferries), often used by local and tourist's population.

The Kamel Pasha Mall is an example of mixture of historical building and modern commercial centre that successfully combines: Food Markets, Floral shop, coffee shop, and the group of restaurants.

Besides the very unique location of the project besides the Bosphorus with amazing panoramic view, the distinctive aspect of the project is the original stones of the facade, inner Ottoman layout and design.

Main entrance is located in Çayırbaşı Street with a unique and traditional design Door.

The food Centre represents a three-storey building with valet parking service. Estimated total area of the Centre is 1400m2 including the Roof Bar and Restaurant.

Also, three main entrances for visitors are located at Ebabil street facade. You can find there another door for coffeeshop staffs too.

For the sake of convenience specially for disables there are an elevator located in the central of stairway. According to the theme the elevator looks classic but with updated high technology.

At the ground floor GF of the Shopping Center there are: Butchery, Greengrocers, Seafood stores, Bakery and cakes shop, Honey store and coffee-shop with a romantic balcony.

On the first floor there, 1st is: Floral Shop, Ice Cream shop, Mezze and Cheese store, Cigar and Drink shop, and also there will be a a luxury Sea Food restaurant with dreamy view of Bosphorus provided. Toilets separately for ladies, gentlemen, kids, disables, staffs and a housekeeping are located in this floor.

On the second-floor 2nd of the Kamel Pasha Mall you can find Pizzeria, Vegan, Döner, Steak & Burger restaurants. The tables have that Wonderful view of Bosphorus.

On the roof of the Kamel Pasha Mall there is a Bar Restaurant, kitchen, storage and Mechanical room.

Architectural and technical solutions for the Kamel Pasha Mall provide various operating principles of the shopping, and entertainment parts in the there.

"Constructional part of the building is limited to renovation to keep the historical building safe."

The project design provides the following systems to be installed:

- Elevator

- Heat supply and heating system,

- Ventilation and conditioning,

- Autonomous firefighting system, fire tank,

- Pump plant,

- Fire-alarm system,

- Fire-alarm protection system,

- Power supply and electric lighting system, outdoor lighting system,

- Lighting protection and grounding,

- Automation system,

- Communication and alarm system,

- Building automation system,

- Water supply and drainage,

- Indoor and outdoor advertising alert etc.

The Kamel Pasha Mall represents a unified architectural complex


Architectural features of the building

This building belongs to Hassan Hossein Pasha Foundation and has a ground floor, a first floor and a second floor. The ground floor and other floors of the building served as the Sarıyer court until the reconstruction in 1990.

Current status

 The old court of Sariyer is located in the facade of the Büyükdere district. This building is located in the northeast view (block number 2) to form an order adjacent to the neighbouring building. There is a narrow street between the neighbouring buildings on the southwest front (Ebabil dead end) that extends to the shoreline. The construction of the entrance is basically from the Caydesbay Çayırbaşı front (northwest), but there are three separate entrances from Ebabil Çıkmazı alley (southwest).

Ground floor

Unfortunately, the interior of the building was completely destroyed and all the floors were redesigned as the Sarıyer court. False walls are on all floors of the building, except for the following. The middle walls continue on all floors and are made of Khorasan mortar. The facade walls are fixed and then covered with cut stones on the outer surfaces, using bolts and nuts. On the ground floor, the main windows on the seafront have been destroyed. - Prior to the last reconstruction, the concrete structure in the building was reinforced and still operates independently. Since this change in the sea view on the ground floor has caused the destruction of the original masonry coverings of the facade wall, a new cover has been created with new masonry stones and an attempt has been made to create a look close to the main texture of the facade. Be. The ground floor has a total area of 264.25 square meters and consists of 16 interiors. The diameter of the inner walls of the ground floor is generally 19 cm, which is divided by brick walls. The ground floor is paved with two steps with a difference of 30 cm. Throughout the floor, the main windows were completely destroyed and replaced with double glazing and PVC profiles that looked like wood.

Similarly, the main entrance doors of the building were removed and decorative steel doors were installed in their places. The interior doors of the ground floor are wooden and with a wooden frame, except for the bathroom doors in wet spaces where there are PVC doors and PVC ventilation windows. Glazed mosaics with dimensions of 40 by 40 cm and ceramic floors by 20 by 20 and 30 by 30 cm have been used on the floor. On the interior plaster of the walls, gypsum glaze and plastic paint have been used. The walls of the wet area are covered with light 20 by 25 cm ceramics and false ceilings with aluminium frames are used. The ceilings are made of plastic paint on plaster.

Wider-level windows are made, so the external load of the wall in front of the sea is carried by reinforced concrete columns and beams. These columns and beams are mentioned in the map.

The entrance from Ebabil Street is provided with three entrance gates with dimensions of 135/280. There is another entrance from Çayırbaşı Street.

The stairs lead to the upper floor of the building, which ends on the second floor and reaches the roof through a sailor ladder. There are 10 windows with 100g / 175 abrasive stones facing Ebabil Street. In front of the sea, this floor has three windows with dimensions of 381/200, 103/200, 312/200 facing outwards. In front of the ground, there are two floor windows with dimensions of 212/237 and 76/237 in this floor. The ground floor is located at +135 and +165 altitude, depending on the sea level. The net height of the ground floor ceiling is 352 cm. In front of the sea there is a platform building with a depth of n.0 micro-metres and a width of 9-70 and 135 cm above sea level. There are also two antiques in this place.

1st. Floor

On the first floor, there are 19 rooms with a net area of 18.252 square meters. The floor slab is flat with a difference of 30 cm and consists of two steps. Throughout the floor, the main windows have been completely demolished and replaced with double-glazed models and wooden PVC profiles. The interior doors of the ground floor are made of wood and wooden frame (except for the bathroom doors in wet areas). WC cabins (wet areas) have PVC doors and ventilation windows of the same material. Glazed mosaics with dimensions of 40 by 40 cm and ceramic floors by 20 by 20 and 30 by 30 cm have been used on the floor. On the interior plaster of the walls, gypsum glaze and plastic paint have been used. The walls of the wet area are covered with light 20 by 25 cm ceramics and false ceilings with aluminium frames are used. The ceilings are made of plastic paint on plaster.

This floor includes the hall, stairs and rooms on both sides of the hall. The rooms are located on the right and left side of the corridor, which is 150 cm wide ... The floor level is arranged according to the +505 and +532 + levels. The ceiling height for both levels is 339 cm. Around this floor, in the view facing Ebabil Street, there is a French window with dimensions of 12 g0 / 190 and a frame of 20 cm and a number of 90/250 with a stone frame. Next to the sea, the building has five go / 190 windows surrounded by a 20 cm stone frame. In the facing view, there are four 20 cm muscle straps around it and a French window measuring g0 / 19o no / 250. The three rooms on the sea side from the adjacent view facing north have a sliding window like the windows mentioned above.

2nd. Floor

Find in AutoCAD floors 2 with an area of 258/90 square meters.

The floor is smoothed with a difference of 30 cm consisting of two steps. Throughout the floor, the main windows have been completely demolished and replaced with double-glazed models and wooden PVC profiles. The interior doors of the ground floor are made of wood and wooden frame (except for the bathroom doors in wet areas). WC cabins (wet areas) have PVC doors and ventilation windows of the same material. Glazed mosaics with dimensions of 40 by 40 cm and ceramic floors by 20 by 20 and 30 by 30 cm have been used on the floor. On the interior plaster of the walls, gypsum glaze and plastic paint have been used. The walls of the wet area are covered with light 20 by 25 cm ceramics and false ceilings with aluminium frames are used. The ceilings are made of plastic paint on plaster. All the walls of the prosecutor's room are excellent and, in some places, there are wooden planks. The ceiling of the Supreme Prosecutor's room is made of suspended plasterboard. The walls of the wet room are covered with glossy ceramics of 25/20 cm.

Aluminium false ceilings are used in ceilings. On the ceilings, plastic paint is used on the plaster of the ceiling on the floor. The 1st floor includes a stairwell and rooms on either side of the hall. The other rooms are located on the right and left side of the corridor with a width of 150 cm.

The floor level is +859 and +889, respectively, according to the sea level. The ceiling height is measured for both 330 cm and 372 cm. This floor has 13 windows the size of g0 / 190 with 20 cm stone molds around the view facing Ebabil Street. In the building facing the sea, there are five 90/190 windows surrounded by 20 cm stone forms. In the facing view, there are four 20 cm arches and a 90/190 French window with size 250. The three rooms on the sea side from the adjacent north-facing view have five windows with dimensions of 190/90, just like the windows mentioned above.


Roof Bar

 As has already been mentioned this building had a penthouse but now it had a gable roof with partly glass ceiling. Thus, there is a fantastic opportunity to have a very unique Rooftop BAR with amazing view of Bosporus on the top of building.


Ebabil Dead End (Southwest Front)

The southwestern facade is one of the two tall facades of the building, in which the facade character is clearly highlighted with a repetitive window system, floor forms and slabs. As in the northwest view, there is relative symmetry in this view as well. This route finally ends in the direction of the beach with a small entrance. In the southwest view, there are three separate entrance doors of the building.

Sea (Southeast Front)

The southeast view is one of the two narrow views facing the beach. In this view, the repetitive and narrow windows are also impressive. Unfortunately, however, the ground floor windows were completely destroyed and replaced with windows that visually (proportionally) showed a serious incompatibility with the facade features. The change also led to the demolition of ground floor paving and the attempt to achieve a texture similar to the new material. Not only have that, but also the need to reinforce the wall loaded of the 1st and 2nd floors of the building facade with reinforced concrete columns and beams.

Adjacent level view (northeast)

The northeast view forms a common line with the view of the adjacent building. For this reason, the surface is not as visible as the southwest view. Ordinary windows, like other facades, are made in the facade to illuminate the interior space and the general facade style of the building is maintained on this facade. The northeastern view is partially destroyed by the surface and algae.

Structure and properties of materials

This building is a masonry structure that is approximately 75 cm thick. The walls have a thick covering. The information and document obtained is about 27 cm. Thick masonry walls and wooden frames 10/20 40 cm. This shows that the floor structure is made at intervals. It is thought that the combined performance of interior walls in the x and y directions increases the stability of the façade walls. The fact that the interior walls are made of mass (in other words, they are not wooden walls) provides the comfort of a wooden floor frame, such as resistance to deflection and the moment without going too far. From today, the inside of the building is completely empty and a new soft concrete carcass has been made. The current information on building materials is specified in the Material Analysis Sheets. In addition, a report on the structure of reinforced concrete and ground reinforcement is provided.

1.C - Structure and properties of materials

The most obvious structural change in the building is the complete demolition of the floor after the second floor (tensile floor). Documents and photographs show that the building was originally built as a four-story building with ground floor, 1st floor, 2nd floor and terrace floor. In the first form, it is understood that this building is an ordinary mansion. Both the interior design in the old relief paintings and the open terrace on the outstretched floor show us this.

Apart from these, only the facade walls of the first state of the building remain. The facade is generally worn by the weather due to weather events and is partially damaged. Damage analysis has been performed on this issue.

Static Reporting - Enhanced

The carrier system of a building located in Istanbul Ili Sarıyer Büyükdere Street 603 Island 1-8 Package number is designated as reinforced concrete carcass. This building consists of 3 floors, ie ground floor and 2 ordinary floors. The building is located in a magnitude 3 earthquake area. As the height of the floor, the ground floor from floor to floor is 368 cm, the first floor is 355 cm and the second floor is 382 cm. There were 30-meter gaps with the stairs on the floor. The reinforced concrete carcass structure in question is surrounded by historic stone walls and its carrier system is created differently from the historic building. The columns are formed at adjacent edges and they are connected on 4 sides by reinforced concrete beams. Inside the building, reinforced concrete columns and curtains are built in both directions next to the vertical bearing system and the floor of the joist board. The inner walls of the partition are made of perforated bricks and are covered with a slope of 20 cm. According to the information obtained, the foundation of the building consists of a continuous foundation and is supported by deep masses. Insufficient information is not available as detailed soil reporting is not yet available. Because the building was located on the beach, it was understandable that the deep layer of the earth had reached a depth.